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Screening of spice chilli (capsicum annuum L) genotypes suitable for Kerala
Chilli (Capsicum spp.) is the third most important spice crop of the world. Among the five cultivated species, Capsicum annuum is the most widely cultivated and traded species in India. Chilli exhibits wide range of genetic diversity and cultivated for various uses either for marketing as green chil...
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| Format: | Ph.D Thesis |
| Published: |
Vellanikkara
Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture
2017
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| Summary: | Chilli (Capsicum spp.) is the third most important spice crop of the
world. Among the five cultivated species, Capsicum annuum is the most widely
cultivated and traded species in India. Chilli exhibits wide range of genetic diversity and
cultivated for various uses either for marketing as green chillies in fresh form (green,
red, multicolour whole fruits), processed products (sauce, paste, canned chilli, pickles
etc.), dried spice (whole and ground form) or industrial extracts (oleoresin,
capsaicinoids, carotenoids). At present chilli is not cultivated for dry or spice purpose in
Kerala and our requirement is met from nearby states of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
Bacterial wilt is the main problem faced in the cultivation of chilli in Kerala and
already proven high yielding varieties may not be suitable to Kerala conditions.
Identification of spice chilli types suitable for warm humid tropics of Kerala will pave
way for promoting and popularizing their large scale cultivation in Kerala. In this
context, the present study entitled “Screening of spice chilli (Capsicum annuumL.)
genotypes suitable for Kerala” was under taken with the objectives of evaluation of
chilli accessions for morphological characters and biochemical characters and
identifications of types with processing qualities that can be used as spice chilli.
Materials used in this study consist of 35 genotypes including indigenous types
and released varieties of chilli. In the morphological characterization twenty
quantitative and ten qualitative characters were recorded from two replications. Fruits of
all the genotypes were subjected to biochemical analysis of capsaicin content, oleoresin
content and colour value and wide variability was observed for both morphological and
biochemical characters.
Among the genotypes CA 22, CA 27, CA 28 and CA 29 were found taller (more
than 100 cm) and CA 31 was the shortest with a plant height of less than 50 cm, CA 27
had highest leaf length and CA 6 recorded highest leaf breadth. Genotypes like CA 25
and CA 21 were early in flowering (less than 35 days) and fruiting (less than 40 days)
whereas CC 1, CC 2 and CC3 were late in flowering (more than 70 days) and fruiting
(more than 75 days).Distinct variation was observed for fruit characters viz fruit length
(3.9 cm – 12.3 cm), fruit width (0.61cm - 2.32 cm), fruit weight (2.31 g – 13.31 g),
number of fruits per plant (11.9 – 45.4), dry yield per plant (5.6g - 47.53 g) etc.Three
genotypes (CA 23, CA 29 and CA 32) performed better with individual fruit weight of
more than 10g.Number of fruits per plant is an important economic character and more
than forty fruits per plant were observed in CA 7, CA 22, CA 19 and CA 25. In the
present investigation, fresh yield per plant ranged from 39.72 g (CA 26) to 318. 6 g (CA
32) and dry yield per plant ranged from 5.6 g (CA 14) to 47.53g (CA 13). Among the
genotypes, CA 26 recorded maximum driage (39.51 %) and minimum driage was
recorded in CA 14 (7.14 %). High driage (more than 30%) was obtained in CA 26, CA
10, CA 12 and CA 31. Considerable variability was observed with respect to qualitative
characters like leaf colour (light green to dark green), mature fruit colour (light green to
dark green), ripe fruit colour (light red to dark red), fruit shape (elongated and tapering
to conical), fruit surface (smooth to wrinkled) and seed colour (light yellow to dark
yellow) where as no variability was observed for corolla colour. Bacterial wilt was the
major disease observed in field and considerable variability was recorded for the disease
incidence ranging from 0 % to 85 %. Most of the released varieties were wilt prone
except KAU varieties while most of the local genotypes were tolerant to bacterial wilt
as seen in CA 22, CA 23, CC 1, CC 2 and CC 3. The highest wilt incidence (85%) was
observed in CA 15 followed by CA 14 (70%).Biochemical analysis revealed that CA 25
(0.95%)
and
CA
16
(0.91%)
were
highly
pungent
among
Capsicum
annnuumtypeswhere asamong Capsicumchinense types, the highest capsaicin content
was recorded for CC 2 (1.09 %). CA 16,CA 1, CC 2 and CC 3 had high oleoresin
recovery (more than 25%) whereas CA 31, CA 30, CA 8 and CA 32 recorded high
colour value (more than 100 ASTA units).
Correlation and clustering analysis was done between fruit and yield
contributing characters. Correlation analysis indicated that fruit weight was significantly
and positively contributed to fruit length and width, placenta length and weight pericarp
weight and thickness and dry yield.It is revealed that fruit weight and number of fruits
per plant are the important yield contributing parameters.
Cluster analysis is an appropriate method for determining the genetic diversity.
Based on cluster analysis, all the thirty five chilli genotypes under the study were
grouped into eight clusters with significant variation among the clusters and within
clusters for different character studied. Cluster 2, cluster 4 and cluster 8 were distinct
from other clusters.
Based on the study, a few genotypes were found promising as spice chilli (CA
13, CA 16, CA 22, CA 25, CA 27 and CA 28), vegetable chilli (CA 3, CA 7, CA 8, CA
9, CA 10, VA 11, CA 12, and CA 23) and for industrial purpose (CA 16, CA 25, CC 1,
CC 2 and CC 3).
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| Physical Description: | 91p |