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Identification of toxic fractions of Mimosa invisa (Anathottavadi) and its Toxicity in Rabbits
The present study was undertaken to identify the toxic fraction of Mimosa invisa in rabbits and to assess to toxicity of Mimosa invisa fresh juice, cold alcoholic extract and various fractions of alcoholic extract utilizing rabbit as a model along with treatment study. The experiment was conduct...
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| Format: | Ph.D Thesis |
| Language: | Undetermined |
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Mannuthy
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
2007
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| Summary: | The present study was undertaken to identify the toxic fraction of Mimosa
invisa in rabbits and to assess to toxicity of Mimosa invisa fresh juice, cold
alcoholic extract and various fractions of alcoholic extract utilizing rabbit as a
model along with treatment study.
The experiment was conducted in two phases. The first part of the study
involved assessment of toxicity of fresh juice of Mimosa invisa (group II) and
cold alcoholic extract (group Ill). Group I served as control. The preliminary
tests were conducted to derive the toxic dose of fresh juice and alcoholic extract
of Mimosa invisa. The toxic doses were 25 g/kg and 1 g/kg body weight for
Mimosa invisa fresh juice and alcoholic extract respectively. The clinical
symptoms, biochemical parameters and haemogram were observed to assess the
toxicity. The serum ALT, AST and GGT levels showed significant increase in
both the groups. The serum creatine kinase levels exhibited an increase followed
by a decrease. There was a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea
levels. There were no changes in serum total protein, albumin, globulin and
albumin-globulin ratio. Significant decrease in VPRC, haemoglobin and RBC
count could be noticed. The erythrocyte indices did not show any variations.
The leucocytosis was observed in group II and III when compared to control
(group I). Lymphocytosis with neutropenia were also observed in both the
groups.
The second phase of the study involved identification of toxic dose of
each fraction of Mimosa invisa: The preliminary studies revealed that chloroform
fraction (Fraction I) and water insoluble residue (fraction IV) were not toxic to
rabbits while the fraction II (n-butanol fraction) and fraction III (aqueous
fraction) were toxic to rabbits. Hence the two toxic fractions were pooled and
used for further studies. It was found that 0.4 g/kg of pooled toxic fraction was
toxic in rabbits. The toxicity was assessed by the evaluation of clinical
symptoms, biochemical parameters and haemogram. The group V (pooled toxic
fraction) showed inappetence, dullness, lethargy and reluctant to move. A
significant increase in serum ALT, AST and GGT levels were observed. The
serum ALP levels showed an increase followed by a decrease. The serum
creatine kinase also showed similar increase followed by decrease. The
creatinine and urea levels exhibited a continuous increase in group V. There
were no changes in total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin-globulin ratio.
The VPRC, RBC and haemoglobin showed significant decrease but there were no
changes in erythrocyte indices. A significant leucocytosis was observed in group
V. The differential leucocyte count showed lymphocytosis with neutropenia.
The group VI (Half the toxic dose of pooled toxic fraction) failed to produce
toxicity as evidenced by biochemical parameters and haemogram. The group VII
(Double the toxic dose of pooled toxic fraction), all the animals died within 12-24
hours of administration of the dose.
The group VIII animals were treated with a decoction prepared from
equal quantities of Boerhvia diffusa, Hygrophila auriculata and Tribulus
terrestris along with pooled toxic fraction of Mimosa invisa. The prominent
symptom of inappetence was only for a short period of time (1-2 day). Then the
animals started taking normal feed and water. The serum AL T, AST and GGT
levels were significantly increased during the first five days, then the values
returned to normal level. The serum creatine kinase and ALP levels did not show
significant changes. The serum creatinine and urea levels showed significant
increase followed by decrease. All the parameters showed significant
improvement when compared with group V (pooled toxic fraction alone). There
were no changes in serum protein, 'albumin, globulin and albumin-globulin ratio.
The screening of alcoholic extract and various fractions revealed that the
alcoholic extract n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction contained steroids
phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, diterpenes triterpenes and
saponins. The chloroform fraction was positive for flavonoids only, whereas
water insoluble fraction contained flavonoids and traces of tannins, triterpenes
and saponins.
From the results of the present study, it is concluded that the phytotoxin
present in M invisa is nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic. The treatment schedule tried
using a decoction of Boerhavia diffusa, Tribulus terrestris and Hygrophila
auriculata could protect kidney and liver from the phytotoxin present in
M invisa. Further study is needed to isolate the phytotoxin present in M invisa so
that a specific antidote can be developed.
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| Physical Description: | 135 |